Further Mathematics / Further Probability & Statistics / Probability generating functions

Probability generating functions

A single function that encodes an entire discrete distribution. Differentiating it produces the mean and variance, and multiplying two of them handles sums.

Syllabus points covered

Common mistakes

  1. Forgetting that G(1) must equal 1, which is a useful check.
  2. Using G′(1) as the variance rather than the mean.
  3. Adding generating functions for a sum of independent variables when they should be multiplied.
  4. Not differentiating twice, or forgetting the correction term, when computing the variance.

Worksheets

Use these as soon as you've learned the topic and need to practise it. Start with the worksheet, check yourself against the answers, and only then look at the step-by-step solutions.

Topical past papers

Move on to these once you've worked through the worksheets and are ready for harder, exam-style questions. Real past-paper questions on this topic, with the official mark scheme and full worked solutions.

Looking for whole papers by session? All Further Mathematics past papers

Written and taught by Ali Hashir, mathematics teacher.